Achieving universal and meaningful connectivity is essential for inclusive economic growth, governance, and sustainable development. Connectivity enables technological solutions for environmental challenges. Effective connectivity can, for example, efficiently manage resources, optimise the use of renewable energy sources, support deforestation monitoring, and mitigate environmental impacts. It strengthens economic capacity by facilitating and optimising business operations. It is crucial to empower countries in the current landscape. However, developing economies continue to face structural and financial barriers to digital infrastructure expansion, limiting their participation in the digital economy.

This research aims to examine the available mechanisms that can enhance digital infrastructure development, focusing on financing tools that empower meaningful connectivity. Public–private partnerships (PPPs) and multilateral financial institutions can serve as important players, enabling solutions such as broader market inclusion, financial accessibility, and technological innovation, ultimately supporting the G20’s priorities on digital inclusion, innovation, and economic resilience. A central challenge is ensuring that infrastructure investments empower developing nations with digital autonomy while maintaining interoperability and global integration. While robust national infrastructure can protect economies from external vulnerabilities, excessive digital fragmentation risks limiting global cooperation and innovation. Our findings in this policy brief provide guidance for G20 policymakers to scale financing, build inclusive digital ecosystems, and prioritise reliable digital infrastructure.